Whether you find one dead or alive, rats can be dangerous to humans. They carry deadly diseases and need to be dealt with using extreme caution.
If you find a dead rat in your home, it needs to be removed immediately. Seeking the help of a pest control professional is advised, since they are trained and have the proper equipment to remove dead rodents safely. However, if you choose to do it yourself, follow these precautions.
Make sure you are wearing rubber gloves and old clothing that you can throw away after you remove the rat. The bodies of rats host fleas and lice that can transmit deadly diseases to humans. It is essential that all clothing worn during the removal process be destroyed in case any pests were transmitted to that clothing during disposal. Wear a tight-fitting HEPA filtered mask to cover your nose and mouth. This will protect you from breathing in any dust from dried droppings or urine from the rat, which harbor diseases, as well. Spray disinfectant on the rat's body prior to removal to help kill any germs. Also, spray the area around the body, as well.
If the rat dies inside a wall, it usually will begin to smell. Make sure you properly air out the area of your home. After the rat has been removed, use an air freshener or room deodorizer to help rid your home of the smell quickly.
Never touch a dead rat with bare hands, or allow pets or children near the carcass. Always remove the rodent as quickly as possible and, if you are not properly equipped to remove a rat safely, contact a pest control expert.