A subterranean species, the Formosan termite is one of the most aggressive termites in the world. Found primarily in the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic regions of the U.S., the Formosan termite is also present in Hawaii. This termite has caused more damage to structures in Hawaii than any other wood-consuming insect.
Although not as prevalent as other subterranean termites, such as the eastern subterranean termite, the Formosan termite has become a major pest. They are a difficult species to contain and can live without soil contact if enough water is present outside of the colony. Formosan termites will build structures above ground called cartons. These are built with wood and soil glued together with the termite's saliva and feces.
Formosan termites are known as the “super” termite, due to their ability to build extremely large colonies. The average colony size is around 350,000, but some colonies have been recorded at over one million insects. To give some perspective, a typical Formosan colony can chew through a foot long piece of wood in 25 days. The larger colonies of over one million termites can chew the same amount of wood in 2 days.
With their aggressive nature, Formosan termites can cause severe structural damage in 6 months. Formosan termites don't limit their damaging habits to homes or structures. They can destroy trees, railroad ties, boats, and even underground cables. Formosan termites chew through the insulation around the cables and can cause large power outages in cities.
As with any termite, identification of the species is critical to the management of an infestation. Contact a pest control professional to help identify any termites you might have, and put a plan in place to keep your home free from future pest problems.